by Maya Sequeira
Composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s death in 1791 has long been a mystery, but a new study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine suggests that it was, of all things, a common strep infection that killed the maestro at the age of 35.
Researchers speculate that Mozart contracted the strep infection—easily treatable today—from a fellow musician who had been hospitalized at a crowded military hospital in Vienna. It’s not difficult to imagine that strep would rage in a dirty hospital in the 18th century. But a 2008 report from Lancet Infectious Diseases says that crowded, understaffed hospitals worldwide remain breeding grounds for antibiotic resistant infections such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA).
The strep infection that killed Mozart is comparable to superbug infections like those caused by MRSA. Such infections are increasingly difficult to stop—even with a modern arsenal of antibiotics. There are even several pan-resistant infections for which we have no effective treatment—putting us in much the same situation as those in the pre-antibiotic era.
These bugs take hold in a hospital and then jump from patient to patient and spread out into the community. A recent study shows that nearly 13 percent of hospitalized patients go home with MRSA, and then 20 percent of these patients pass the bug to friends and family members.
Doctors today still have a range of powerful antibiotics they can use to combat bacterial infections like strep. But as time goes on, more and more microbes become resistant to these drugs, so even after experimenting with complex and often costly drug combinations, our medical system still often fails to contain infections caused by superbugs.
Mozart died on December 5, 1791. According to eyewitness accounts, he knew he was dying and had the forethought to leave the world with a legacy: instructions on how to complete the Requiem.
Hopefully, our new insight into the cause of the maestro’s death provides another sort of inspiration: We must act now to contain the spread of the superbugs, which kill millions of people around the world. We must treat antibiotics as a valuable resource, one that can be depleted with over-use. And we must take steps to increase our supply of new drugs that can take over when an existing antibiotic fails to wipe out an infection.
If we do nothing, our future battles with bacterial infections are likely to look increasingly like frightening scenes from the past.
Maya Sequeira is a research assistant at Resources for the Future, an independent Washington, DC, think-tank whose Extending the Cure project provides policy solutions for the growing threat posed by antibiotic resistance.
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{ 2 comments }
1.) 70% of antibiotics are used by cows and various other four-legged and winged animals. Animal antibiotic use “feeds” the resistance problem.
2.) Use the 2 encounter rule when treating most upper respiratory tract infections. No antibiotics unless culture positive or 2 encounters (office visit or phone call) documenting lack of improvement.
Hospital acquired infections can be greatly reduced as shown by several studies, including one chronicled on the IHI website (Reducing Hospital Acquired Infections in a Skilled Care Unit). From what I have read the most common processes to prevent infections are: (1) hand washing by staff on units, (2) identifying patients with infections before they reach the hospital or isolating them once their infections have been discovered, (3) administering surgical patients antibiotics before surgery, and (4) standardizing IV packages so that there is little chance of infection from central line infections. While reducing these sources of infections won’t solve the drug resistance problem, the enormity of the problem will certainly shrink.
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