Black drivers are disproportionately stopped by police compared with white drivers; completely non-informative. Are they stopped at rates disproportionate to their actual rates of driving problems. Need an independent third party to perform an assessment as to whether traffic stop rates are warranted by actual rates of improper driving.

Older docs or foreign origin are being complained about more often at ‘disproportionate’ rates? Do they have the same patient demographic as the younger whiter docs; are some patients more likely to be complainers?

Whenever a proportionality is cited by the press it is almost always a means to introduce a statistical bias that would be sunk in a second by a scientific editorial board.